Gas Laws Explained: Boyle, Charles, and the Ideal Gas Law
Boyle, Charles, Gay-Lussac, the combined gas law and PV = nRT, when to use each one, a worked example, and why real gases deviate from ideal behavior.
How to Use an ICE Table: Step-by-Step Guide With Examples
An ICE table is a three-row setup for solving equilibrium problems. The rows are INITIAL concentrations, the CHANGE as the reaction proceeds, and EQUILIBRIUM concentrations. You write the change in terms of x, using the coefficients from the balanced equation. Then you plug the equilibrium row into the K expression and solve for x. Almost […]
How to Balance Chemical Equations: 3 Methods That Work
Three methods for balancing chemical equations, the order to work in, the odd-even oxygen fix, and half reaction balancing for redox, from a 25-year AP Chemistry teacher.
What Is Stoichiometry? A 4-Step Beginner’s Guide
Stoichiometry is the math of chemistry. Here is the four step method that solves every stoichiometry problem, plus a worked example and how to spot a limiting reactant.